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If he is not within 20 mils, the gunner and assistant gunner must make another large shift before moving on. Then he relocks the barrel clamp. The cartridge weighs about 9.4 pounds. e. The squad leader picks up the aiming posts and sight. This is the inert PD fuze type "IR-81" used by the Italians for their 81mm mortar rounds during WWII. As soon as the sight data are announced, the gunner places it on the sight, lays the mortar for elevation, and traverses onto the aiming post by turning the traversing handwheel and adjusting nut in the same direction. The mortar is within two turns of center of traverse. Any target that requires that elevation, or a lower one, cannot be engaged from that position. When the baseplate is in position, the first ammunition bearer lowers the breech plug into the rotating socket and rotates the barrel a quarter of a turn to lock it. (c) The gunner determines mask and overhead clearance by sighting along the barrel with his eye near the breech plug. It can provide all-weather, ground-based, close supporting, accurate, immediately The enemy will use them. (2) Color code. Secure .mil websites use HTTPS Red phosphorus cartridges (M252 only) are stored the same as HE cartridges. The upper clamp is fitted with a locking arrangement that consists of a curved handle and a spring-loaded locking rod, which is ball-shaped at its lower end. The floating firing pin located within the primer has approximately 1/16 of an inch to move around. These fuzes use a clockwork mechanism to delay functioning for a specific time. b. (3) From this train, extend a starting train that will burn against the wind of single increments laid end to end. (2) The M84 fuze is a single-purpose, powder-train, mechanical-time fuze used with the 81-mm M301A1 and M301A2 illuminating cartridges. The components of the mortar consist of a canon, sight, mount, and baseplate. He tightens the leg-locking handwheel (ensuring the teeth are correctly meshed) and fastens the securing strap over the arm and around the buffers. e. The pull wire and safety wire are removed from the fuze just before firing. The fuze is set manually to proximity, point detonate, or delay modes. d. The first ammunition bearer stands to the right rear of the mortar. The first ammunition bearer puts both hands on the cooling fins under the barrel and slowly lifts the barrel until it is horizontal. He may assist the gunner in shifting the mortar when the gunner is making large deflection changes. f. Ammunition should be stored under cover. The M374 cartridge is fitted with the M90 propelling charge. It is designed to be fired in the indirect fire mode, cannot be fired handheld, and norm ally utilizes a FDC. Placing the mortar in position at night does not relieve the gunner of the responsibility of checking for mask clearance and overhead interference. b. MFCS Dismounted. To set for delay, the selector slot should be rotated clockwise until it is aligned with the "D" mark on the ogive. e. The second ammunition bearer stands to the right rear of the mortar behind the ammunition bearer. This section implements STANAG 2321 and QSTAG 900 (Edition 1). Referring and realigning aiming posts ensure that all mortars are set on the same data. 0.30, BROWNING, M1919A4, M1919A5 AND M1919A6 {TO 39A-5 AF-32} (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), GUN, MACHINE, CAL. The safety pull wire is removed just before inserting the cartridge into the mortar. He has the duty of preparing the ammunition and passing it to the assistant gunner. (d) Firing is slowed if mask clearance must be checked before each firing but this can be eliminated if minimum mask clearance is determined. The 81mm mortar is a portable, mobile, medium mortar at the infantry's disposal. The fuze should already be fitted to the cartridge. Several types of HE ammunition are used in the 81-mm mortar, M252. Since phosphorus liquefies at about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the ammunition is protected against an uneven rehardening of the filler. c. The assistant gunner lifts the bipod and stands it on its elevating leg so that the elevating handwheel is to the rear and the plain leg is to the front. The 0-second boss is wider and differs in shape from the other body bosses; the safe setting position is indicated by the letter "S" on the fuze body. If the round fires, the mortar is re-laid on the aiming point and firing is continued. M224A1 60 MM LWCMS Mortar The 60mm mortar, M224A1 Lightweight Company Mortar System (LWCMS), is a smoothbore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon. He places the sight case and aiming posts to the left front of the mortar position. [Firing and Deflection Conversion Tables] - The Portal to Texas History When set at delay, the fuze train causes a 0.05-second delay before functioning. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. b. (2) The barrel is locked to the baseplate, and the open end of the socket points in the direction of fire. The adjustment ring has six raised ribs for use in conjunction with fuze setter, M25, and a setting indicator rib (marked SET) about half the height and width of the other six ribs. FT 81-AI-3 Firing Tables Mortar, 81mm: M28A1 and M29 Mortar 81mm Self propelled M125A1 and M125 Carrier, 81mm Mortar Tracked XM755 [US Army.] d. The ammunition is protected from mud, sand, dirt, and water. The explosive elements in primers and fuzes are sensitive to shock and high temperature. This may preclude moving the bipod. The ignition cartridge strikes the firing pin and detonates, which causes a flash that passes through the radial holes in the shaft. It uses the M185 propelling charge that consists of eight increments fitted into the spaces between the fins and held by a propellant holder. On its right side, the clamp is recessed to receive the ball end of the locking rod. PDF Introduction to Crew Served Weapons B3m4078 Student Handout It arms within a maximum of 2.50 seconds. Swifty 3 from scratch; Swifty 3 split-repo setup; Swifty Troubleshooting; Mods. d. When the barrel reaches the horizontal position, and not before, the assistant gunner moves the thumb of each hand over the muzzle. high-explosive bomb at a range of about three miles. FM 23-90 Chptr 4 81-mm Mortar, M252 - GlobalSecurity.org d. The gunner removes the sight from its case, mounts it on the mortar, and sets a deflection of 3200 mils and an elevation of 1100 mils. Fuze, PD, for 81mm mortar rounds, Italy, WWII, inert It is fitted with a safety wire and pin that are removed immediately before firing. It is fitted with a standard pull wire and safety pin that are removed immediately before firing. Safety before firing is provided by a safety wire, which must be removed just before firing. They should not be approached for 5 minutes or disturbed for at least 30 minutes after firing. The round is still safe to handle and transport if the safety wire is reinserted. It is set using the bladed end of the M18 fuze wrench. The second ammunition bearer retrieves the aiming posts. (3) The M256-series fuze has an SQ/IMP function only. Range Minimum to maximum 83 to 5,608 meters Rate of Fire . Burst Height. .30 BROWNING, M1917 AND M1917A1; GUN, MACHINE, CAL. The gunner removes the sight and places it in the case with 3200 deflection and 0800 elevation indexed. Mount 0.30, BROWNING, M1917A1; GUN, MACHINE: CAL. If the line of sight clears the mask, it is safe to fire. I say 120s are bad because they suffer from terrible dispersion even when not shooting at 6km. c. Authorized Cartridges. An ammunition lot number is assigned to each ammunition lot, which is marked on each cartridge and packing container. e. The M362A1 and M362 HE cartridges are of steel forge construction and contain about 2.10 pounds of composition B explosive. He rotates the socket so that the open end is pointing in the direction of fire. d. Multioption. The company level vehicles also carry a vehicle-mounted 120mm mortar, which is augmented by the 60mm M224 mortar for dismounted use. The 81mm mortar rounds use Red Phosphorus as the smoke generating agent. c. The assistant gunner moves into position to the front of the bipod on his right knee and grasps the bipod legs (palms up), lifting until they clear the ground enough to permit lateral movement. A spring-loaded locating catch is behind the elevating gear housing, which locates the plain leg in its supporting position for level ground. HE Guided Mortar is in development. Cartridges assembled with the M532 fuze must be fired above charge 0. A safety latch located at the side of the recess is used to secure the ball. A locked padlock When the fuze of the misfired round reaches the BAD, the assistant gunner stops the round with his thumbs (he does not touch the fuze) and carefully removes it from the barrel. The fuzes may be used for day or night operations. M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar - Federation of American Scientists The lower clamp is shaped and bored on each side to house the buffer cylinders. The M252 medium mortar offers a compromise between the light and heavy mortars. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Red phosphorus/white phosphorus--M819 and M375-series. The firing pin must be replaced and the bore swabbed. The M821/M889 are 81mm HE Mortar Cartridges. FT 81-AI-3 Firing Tables Mortar, 81mm: M28A1 and M29 Mortar 81mm Self It should be destroyed in accordance with standard procedures. The gunner is given an administrative command to lay the mortar on a deflection of 2860 or 2740 mils. Each squad member should be able to perform all the following premount checks: a. (2) Burn all dead grass or brush within 30 meters around the burning place. The cartridges are returned to their original containers. He positions the lower barrel clamp against the lower stop band on the barrel and secures the upper barrel clamp. a. The M853 cartridge (M252 only) has a cylindrical body that contains an illuminating candle and parachute assembly. He ensures that the firing pin recess is facing upwards. LHMBC. Proximity (VT). (8) To help minimize the occurrence of short rounds and or duds, unpackaged ammunition that has been dropped should not be fired. Powered by Hugo. M252 mortar | Military Wiki | Fandom Proximity-fuzed short cartridges, which are duds, contain a complete explosive train and impact element. The tabulated data of the 81-mm mortar, M252, are shown in Table 4-1. The propellant increments are ignited, which produce rapidly expanding gases that force the cartridge from the barrel. The cartridge is painted light green and has red markings and one narrow yellow band. The wrench (P/N 9349539) sets M772 MT and M768 time fuzes. (1) Marking on container. The Mark 4 and 5 barrels were introduced during World War 2 and have a much increased range. a. SMALL DEFLECTION AND ELEVATION CHANGES. Normally, it can be moved by hand, although this may be difficult to do if the mortar is moved through a large arc. This cartridge is ballistically matched to the M374A2, M374A1, and M375 HE cartridges, and weighs about 9.12 pounds. Table 4-3. When firing under the control of an FDC, he reports to the FDC that mask clearance cannot be obtained at a certain elevation. He knocks down the near aiming post and proceeds to the far aiming post. TM - Technical Manuals (Range 9) TM - Technical Manuals (Range 10) TM - Technical Manuals (Range 11-4) TM - Technical Manuals (Range 11-5) . A plain leg is fitted to a stud on the elevating leg and is secured by a leg-locking handwheel. (7) When opening an ammunition box, the ammunition bearer ensures the box is horizontal to the ground, not nose- or fin-end up. It has a time setting of up to 25 seconds. The RSTA squadron only receives the 120mm mounted mortar, there is no augmentation dismounted maneuvers. They are painted light green with red markings and one narrow yellow band. a. The ignition cartridge has a percussion primer and is assembled to the end of the fin assembly. Other armies count on 81mm mortar families. The elevation change announced must be less than 90 mils and more than 35 mils. Its range and explosive power is greater than the M224, yet it is still light enough to be man . .50 MACHINE GUN, M55 AND MACHINE GUN, CAL. Short cartridges can be expected when firing below charge 4. FIRING TABLE FOR CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M185 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A1; HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A1B; HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A2; HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A3; AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A3B; AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A5 AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M199 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M198 FIRING PROJECTILE, GUIDED, M712 (COPPERHEAD) WITH SHAPED TRAJECTORIES (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), PROVISIONAL AIMING DATA FOR CANNON, 155MM, HOWITZER, M185 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, 109A1 HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, 109A1B HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A2 AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A3 HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A3B AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A4 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A5 AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M199 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M198 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A1 FIRING PROJECTILE, BASE-BURN, M864 AND M864A1 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), PRELIMINARY AIMING DATA FOR CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A2 FIRING PROJECTILE, HE, XM982 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), PROVISIONAL AIMING DATA FOR CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A2 FIRING PROJECTILE, HE, XM982 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), PROVISIONAL AIMING DATA FOR CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A2 FIRING PROJECTILE, HE, M982 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), CANNON, 165-MM GUN, M135 ON COMBAT ENGINEER VEHICLE, FULL TRACKED, M728; FIRING CARTRIDGE, 165-MM, HEP, M123A1 AND 165-MM, TP-T, XM623 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), CANNON, 175-MM GUN, M113 AND M113A1 ON GUN, FIELD ARTILLERY, SELF-PROPELLED: 175-MM, M107; FIRING PROJECTILE, HE, M437A2 AND M437A1 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), RAPID FIRE TABLES FOR CALCULATION OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (XOS) MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION WITH CANNON, 105MM HOWITZER, M20A1 ON HOWITZER, LIGHT, TOWED, 105MM, M119A1; HOWITZER, LIGHT, TOWED, 105MM, M119A2; HOWITZER, LIGHT, TOWED, 105MM, M119A3 FIRING WITH PROPELLING CHARGES, M67 AND M200 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), RAPID FIRE TABLES FOR CALCULATION OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER S (XO S) MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION WITH CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A5/A6 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M199 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M198 AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A1/A2 FIRING WITH PROPELLING CHARGES, M231, M232, AND M232A1 (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), RAPID FIRE TABLES FOR CALCULATION OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (XOS) MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION WITH CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M284 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A5; HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A6; AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, SELF-PROPELLED, 155MM, M109A7, AND CANNON, 155MM HOWITZER, M776 ON HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A1 AND HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED, 155MM, M777A2 FIRING WITH PROPELLING CHARGES, M231, M232, AND M232A1 (S&I BY PROPONENT, SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), ADDENDUM TO FTR LANCE-B-1 FOR WARHEAD SECTION, GUIDED MISSILE, HE: M251 (U) (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), Search Army publications and forms by Number, Title, or Record Detail. (a) Since the mortar is normally mounted in defilade, there could be a mask such as a hill, tree, building, or rise in the ground. c. The M375A2, M375A1, and M375 cartridges may also be used. Following the arm-and-hand signals of the gunner (who is looking through the sight unit), he moves the far aiming post so that the gunner obtains an aligned sight picture. A proximity fuze is an electronic device that detonates a projectile by means of radio waves sent out from a small radio set in the nose of the projectile. End this starting train with not less than 1 meter of inert material (dry grass, leaves, or newspapers). Then it is removed from the bipod and laid horizontally on the ground at the dud pit until it can be turned over to ordnance personnel. He must not stand directly behind the mortar. (4) The M567 fuze is an impact fuze that has a SQ/IMP or D function. OPERATOR`S MANUAL FOR MORTAR, 81-MM, M252 (NSN 1015-01-164-6651) (EIC 4SK){TM . The fuze arms and functions normally when fired at any angle of elevation between 0800 and 1406 mils at charges 1 through 9. Cartridges assembled with the M524 (A1, A2, A3, or A4) fuze are for use by the US Marine Corps and US Navy only. Once set to act as an impact fuze, the mechanism cannot be reset for PROX. The M301A3 cartridge has a cylindrical body that contains an illuminating candle and parachute assembly. The settings are obtained from the range tables and are applied using a wrench (number 9239539) or a 1 3/4-turn open-end wrench. .30, BROWNING, M1919A4 AND M2 (HEAVY BARREL), .30, M2 (REPRINTED W/BASIC INCL C1) (S&I BY PROP SEE DETAILS, FOOTNOTES), GUN, MACHINE: CAL. 81 mm mortar - Wikipedia The 0-second boss is wider and differs in shape from the other body bosses; the safe setting position is indicated by the letter "S" on the fuze body. He moves the mortar until the vertical line of the sight is aligned approximately on the aiming post. However, at temperatures above 32 degrees Fahrenheit and at angles greater than 1068 mils, the flight time is sufficient to permit arming. f. If the above procedure fails to remove the misfire, the barrel must be kept horizontal. A securing strap is attached to the plain leg for securing the bipod in the folded position. c. The first ammunition bearer checks the barrel and ensures that--. It is assembled with the M772A1 MTSQ. The fuze threads and fuze well threads are inspected for damage. If the primer is not dented, the round may be used again. a. Additional information is included on an ammunition data card inside each container. Army Publishing Directorate - Details Page d. The gunner rough levels the cross-level bubble by making the bubble bounce from one side to the other. (5) Four inches of elevation shaft are exposed, and the shaft is not bent. The fuze setter, M25, sets M84-series time fuzes. The fuze is nicely marked and is dated 1940. This section discusses the characteristics and nomenclature of each component (Figure 4-2). Identification. PDF Tabular Firing Tables - United States Army The 81mm weapons platoon consisted of the headquarters platoon and four mortar squads. It provides illumination for about 60 seconds with 600,000 candlepower illumination. All elements given in the fire command are repeated by the squad. This round may be stored in a horizontal position. Short cartridges can be expected when firing below charge 4. This section discusses the. The M1 became the standard American . The gunner levels the elevation bubble by turning the elevation micrometer knob and reading the setting on the elevation scale and elevation micrometer--this setting is the minimum mask clearance. It comes preset to function on SQ/IMP, and the selector slot should align with the SQ mark on the ogive. The assistant gunner cleans the bore and swabs it dry. b. a. Ammunition is typed according to use (Table 4-2). 120MM Mortar System. The propelling charge consists of an ignition cartridge and removable propellant increments. The entire squad stays with the mortar. The first ammunition bearer shakes the barrel to dislodge any remnants from the last round fired, and he lowers the barrel into the rotating socket of the baseplate. PDF Principles of Fire Support B2c2437 Student Handout .50: BROWNING, M2 (HEAVY BARREL, FLEXIBLE) ON MOUNT, MACHINE GUN, TRIPOD MTD, CAL. The first table is a chart that shows range and elevation for firing particular mortar shells. M252A1 81mm Mortar: Maximum Range (meters): 5,935; Ammunition: War reserve HE (M821A3), red phosphorus smoke (M819), visible light illumination (M853A1), infrared illumination (M816), war reserve and training HE (M889A4), and FRP . Fired . This ensures that the mortar does not fire should the round slip down the barrel during the subsequent drills. The adjustment ring has six raised ribs for use in conjunction with fuze setter, M25, and a setting indicator rib (marked SET) about half the height and width of the other six ribs. The fuze is not intended to function at charge 0. The principal factors affecting height of burst are the angle of approach to the target and the reflectivity of the target terrain. The cartridge uses the M205 propelling charge and is assembled with the M567 or M524-series fuze. Cartridges assembled with the M532 fuze must be fired above charge 0. Red phosphorus/white phosphorus is used for screening, producing casualties, creating incendiary effects, and signaling. It contains white phosphorus that produces white smoke on contact with air. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is the leading manufacturer of propellants for 60mm, 81mm and 120mm Mortar Systems. The M889 HE cartridge (M252 onlyXUS Marine Corps) is of the same construction as the M821 cartridge in every detail except the fuze, which is the M935. f. Installation. Attached to the right of the screw is the traversing handwheel. d. Climatic Effects. (4) Extra increments are removed if the cartridge is to be fired with less than full charge. Mortar Weapon Systems - USAASC a. Cartridges are shipped with a complete propelling charge, an ignition cartridge, and primer. The striker has been modified to be able to use German and Italian patterns of 81mm mortar . The aluminum tail assembly has six integral fins equally spaced around the rear, which stabilize the round in flight. At extreme temperatures (below -40 degrees Fahrenheit and above 125 degrees Fahrenheit), it is not unusual to experience an increase in malfunctions proportionate to the severity of conditions. (4) The leg-locking handwheel is hand tight. The standard infantry support weapon is the M-252 81mm mortar, which lobs a 10 lb. In any case, the gunner must ensure that the cartridge does not strike an obstacle. The 81-mm mortar, M252, is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded, high-angle-of-fire weapon. (1) The rotating socket is free to move in a complete circle. The section leader, acting as FDC, has one deflection instead of two or more.