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Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. What is a catcher in the rye and why does Holden want to be one? J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. According to Lotfipour-Saedi, the texture of a text can be characterized by textual features of: Cohesive relations may be grammatical or lexical. Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. Discount, Discount Code One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. Holden believes childhood is very. Wed love to have you back! Why does Holden tear up the composition? - Short-Question Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) People often are not themselves clear on whether they are arguing for or explaining something. Richard Yates wrote at The New York Times in 1977 that Salinger is a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. Many translators mark out originality of his feature world and that is why the originality of his language and style and the specific usage of popular speech and dialectisms. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about? The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. Lotman describes literature and art in general as a secondary modelling systems, as an indication of the fact that they are derived from the primary modelling system of language, and declares as firmly as Sapir or Whorf that `No language can exist unless it is stepped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language.' In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? Get expert help in mere Some topics of The Catcher in the Rye were taboos (like drugs, sex or prostitution). Holden then asks Stradlater who the girl he was dating was. The author wanted to show that with a kind of symbols, like religion or loneliness, life can be happy: a better life is possible. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. From these two parts in different languages could be resulted that were used different types of translation difficulties in order to give the smallest basic elements that couldnt be seen without analyzing these two parts and taking into account the main element that mast be discussed translation difficulties. They think that society is harmful and they dont like to be in it. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. The most frequent types of difficulties arising from translation that can be proposed to assess in any translation are the following: The method of penalization of errors must be previously established, using clear criteria, and placing emphasis on the lack of coherence, especially regarding meaning and sense, whether it is due to faulty translation, missing items or the wrong application of lexical, semantic, grammatical, graphemic and/or cultural transfer. It is probably significant that Holden sells his typewriter to Frederick Woodruff before leaving Pencey. The second reason, causing lexical difficulties to translation is the difference in the semantic volume of a word. They played checkers and became good friends. Holden's brash decision to attack Stradlater is a result of his pent-up anxiety and anger. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. They represent the simple, idealistic, manageable vision of life that Holden wishes he could live. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. Transposition is required when the English sentence contains a large group of nouns with indefinite article and then it is natural that they, being the center of informative message are placed at the end of the sentence. I was wondering if it would be frozen over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go? The conclusion is that although such cases of suppression or censure of the ST are not desirable or should never happen, in reality they do exist (and this chapter has offered some examples in point), but the fact that more and more people take interest in such situations may indicate that they may stop occurring in the future. The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. It should be mention that this research work represents a great theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of literary masterpieces. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. Holden, traumatized and aware of the fragility of the life by his brother Allies death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearances. Last but not the least is the accepted usage of words in a language. how does this poem differ from traditional sonnets interflora; airmessage vs blue bubbles; southside legend strain effects; abd insurance and financial services; valenzuela city ordinance violation fines; my summer car cheatbox; vfs global japan visa nepal contact number; beaver owl fox dolphin personality test; Community The third type of difficulty is the need to be sensitive to total context, including the intended audience of the translation. The Life Song In Chapter 22, just before he reveals his fantasy of the catcher in the rye, Holden explains that adults are inevitably phonies, and, what's worse, they can't see their own phoniness. . What did holden write stadlater's composition about in The Catcher in the Rye? Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. This is not always so obvious. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. It reveals potential expressiveness put in the lexical morphologic and syntactic means of a language. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. Each language can form uncountable number new word combinations that will be understood by its bearers. They are trite and typical for many users, and fixed by the dictionary, as mostly idioms. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. All stylistic devices are multi functional. (Chapter 12, pg. But it can also be said that a more diversified way of translating the same linguistic structures may indicate a better adaptation to the TL, although the psychological effect on the readers of Holdens linguistic repetitions is not as strong as in the ST. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. How does holden feel about phony people do you share - Course Hero why does holden write the composition for stradlater . After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. Or a house Just make it descriptive as hell.". But then, they have solutions and they can change their hard conditions for better ones. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; Thesaurus of American Slang. One language may express a given meaning by means of a single word, another may express it by means of a transparent fixed expression, a third may express it by means of an idiom, and so on. The translator is always alert in order to catch a passage that is marked, forms a particular sensitivity allowing the translator, to stop and think about an unusual formulation even when in translators experience he/she never ran across that particular idiomatic expression. Holden's jargon is consistent and very enlightening. Ionescus translation has also accomplished its aim by the fact that it addresses young people and it uses 80-90% of their typical language, with very few exceptions (most likely limited by the social and cultural constraints of our modern society). Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. Holden dated her until her father made them stop seeing each other. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. Such statements may help us understand why the person committed the crime, however an uncritical listener may believe the speaker is trying to gain sympathy for the person and his or her actions. He replied, "Jean Gallagher.". Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. Want 100 or more? In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. Inter-lingual translation or translation proper (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language). The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. 125, No. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 Already a member? Holden Caulfield Character Analysis Essay - 1440 Words | 123 Help Me The Catcher in the Rye. Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. with free plagiarism report. Another detail is that the hats color, red is the same color as Allies and Phoebes hair. Stradlater didn't like it, he was annoyed because he was supposed to write about a room Why did Stradlater punch Holden? He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. All Rights Reserved. The author used a great variety of the types of translation difficulties and these types could be well seen in the third chapter of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye that was chosen in order to point out those types of translation difficulties that exist in the novel. Stradlater Character Analysis in The Catcher in the Rye | SparkNotes Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. The comparisons that were used in The Cather in the Ray are pretty as hell (J.D.Salinger:12) through this stylistic devices the author pointed out to the reader the that everything in Holdens life which was worse was compared with the source of the bad things which is HELL, and the usage of this word by the author showed to the reader that there are no any another bad places like HELL. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. Critics have argued the moral issues raised by the book and the context in which it is presented. This shows that Holden wants to save him and other people from growing up one day. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? This passage, in which Holden explains why he loves the Museum of Natural History, is located in Chapter 16. In this Research Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. Subscribe now. I need at least one quote for support. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. The only thing that would be different would be you. " He fought in war. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. Davis's LA Timeline Part 1 | Preceden You can use it as an example when writing $24.99 Franny and Zooey, NY, Bantam1964: Goodman, Anne. Our search for who we are is fuelled by our innate desire to achieve a sense of acceptance and belonging. Catcher Ch 3-5 questions Flashcards | Quizlet Youve successfully purchased a group discount. They are eulogistic and ephemeral unless they become language metaphors by being diffused through popular speech and, later, the media. It is, of course related to the development of a given languages and formation of its lexical system. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Stradlater then becomes worried that he has hurt Holden and will get into trouble. The following example point out that the writers style is so rich and full of different devices from which can be deduced the next translation difficulties which are find out from the novel during the process of analyzing the both variants of the novel English and Romanian: Related with the informal nature stated, it must also point out the absence of any type of logical structure in Holdens discourse. In general, the main characters are usually misfits of society: they dont like their way of life; they use to start with their stories telling us their bad conditions, their problems with the society and life in general. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. When Stradlater nonchalantly refuses to tell Holden any of the details, Holden attacks him, but Stradlater pins him to the floor and tries to get him to calm down. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. These differences are related to peculiar features of separate words or word groups. Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. When studying the reality of some object can be identify that its name reveals its functions which finds the reflection in the semantics of the word. Only by seeing the real function of the language can people understand why Salinger is a master in rendering and imitating teenagers colloquial speech and thus come closer to the essence of the novel. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. These words express scientific and social-politic notions. It is probably significant that Holden sells his typewriter to Frederick Woodruff before leaving Pencey. False friends could be called inter-language synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. Paradigmatic and semantic relations are characteristic to any words and the lexical potential of words can be revealed in both cases. It also helps to improve ones understanding of the principal rules of translation which plays leading role while processing translation. The following problem which demands careful consideration in lexical transformations of translation is problem of word combinability. We also see how alienated he feels. Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date, Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. In the book, Holden explains the symbol meaning of the museums displays. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. Purchasing In this chapter should be tried to focus mainly on the social and cultural contexts from the USA and Romania, as well as on some linguistic problems raised by Salingers use of highly colloquial and taboo language in The Catcher. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite. Language, Voice, and Holden Caulfield: The Catcher in the Rye Part 1 your own essay or use it as a source, but you need In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. Lexical peculiarities that characterise this novel and the style of the author are Themes, Motifs and Symbols which are one of the major and that could be easily identified in the novel The Catcher in the Ray by J. D. Salinger.