In half of these confrontations, brown bears were killed. ", The Strategy was developed by a working group that comprised. [35], Today, its range stretches south to north for almost 1,000km (620mi) the length of Primorsky Krai and into southern Khabarovsk Krai east and south of the Amur River. But have they ever confronted brown bears? "In India's jungles tigers sometimes kill sloth bears. [43] Undoubtedly black bears will be eaten as carrion if found. July 14, 2015 A tiger released into the wild in Russia's Far East by President Vladimir Putin himself has killed and eaten a bear, the Interfax news agency reported Tuesday. They will also, on occasion, eat smaller animals such as badgers, hare and salmon. Morphologically, tigers from different regions vary little, and gene flow between populations in those regions is considered to have been possible during the Pleistocene. . The 15 Deepest Lakes in the United States. [2] It once ranged throughout the Korean Peninsula, but currently inhabits mainly the Sikhote-Alin mountain region in southwest Primorye Province in the Russian Far East. Sika deer are restricted to the southern half of the Sikhote-Alin mountains. A small population exists in China, but . He followed them and found a place where a tiger and a bear had fought in the snow. Males, on the other hand, travel unaccompanied and range farther earlier in their lives, making them more vulnerable to poachers and other tigers. It weighed about 300kg (660lb). Actually I have to say that I have significantly more amount of evidence of sloth and Himalayan black bears seemingly challenging tigers (even resident males) then bear remains in tiger scats (which I did also find although quite infrequently). One brown bear, which was staying in an area permanently inhabited by tigers, clearly felt himself to be the complete master in that place. At first glance, brown bears may look larger and heavier than tigers. In this mixed zone between taiga and subtropics, southern species such as the tiger and Himalayan bear cohabit with northern species such as the brown bear and lynx. Such habitat is not presently available in the delta and so cannot be provided in the short term. A bright tiger killed a, for about 10 days, until it was eaten, and then left to the south along the shore-sea (AE Karavanov). They can survive for 15 to 18 years in the wild. Concerning either hunting, interspecies and intraspecies social behaviour I would say that too much aggressiveness and boldness from solitary obligate carnivores can result in general in a higher probability to find death quite early in life meaning into subadulthood or still well into young adulthood possibly caused by more mature and stronger cospecifics or from underestimated dangerous prey. The tiger population in the Changbai Mountains dispersed westwards between 2003 and 2016. It is possible that the tiger would patiently wait under the tree, till the bear is tired out of sitting in the tree and then it comes down, but more often in such cases the tiger would pretend to be leaving the place, whereas it would hide in a new ambush and watch the bear come down. Bears dig deep pits pulling out thick trees and turning over large rocks. For the leopard cat subspecies, see, Tiger cubs caught alive by Russian hunters in Primorye, 1952/53. [44], Siberian tigers share habitat with Amur leopards (P. pardus orientalis), but in the Changbai Mountains have been recorded more often in lower elevations than leopards. The entrance to the den, located beneath a rockoutcropping, was too small for the tiger to gain access,but tiger hair around the outside and just on the inside ofthe den indicated that it had attempted to do so. In Russia! A viable tiger population of about 100 animals would require at least 5,000km2 (1,900sqmi) of large tracts of contiguous habitat with rich prey populations. Surprise! "This is a book about Russians and their tigers, and much of the information in it comes from Russian sources, including many interviews. [3] In northern Chinas Huang Ni He National Nature Reserve, poachers set up foremost snare traps, but there is not sufficient personnel to patrol this 75km2 (29sqmi) area throughout the year. Tigers kills bears by ambush which are young, sub-adult and rarely adult females. Warsaw, large male brown bears completely avoid and fear adult male tigers. [61] Since the tiger has a mark on its foreheads that looks like a Chinese character for 'King' (Chinese: ; pinyin: Wng), or a similar character meaning "Great Emperor", it is revered by the Udege and Chinese people.[10]. But its clearly stated that AS A RULE, THE TIGER WINS, which means that in general the tiger defeats the brown bear in a fight. By capturing and outfitting tigers with radio collars, their social structure, land use patterns, food habits, reproduction, mortality patterns and their relation with other inhabitants of the ecosystem, including humans is studied. This issue is controversial since only 30% of such releases have been successful. The population had been stable for more than a decade because of intensive conservation efforts, but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population was declining. However he recovered and scaled 205 kg on 26th February 2000. Lieut. Can a brown bear kill a lion? Would a grizzly bear beat a lion? 1990; Laycock, 1997). ,I've seen video of a tiger charging a helicopter. [45], Prey species of the tiger include ungulates such as Manchurian wapiti (Cervus canadensis xanthopygus), Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus), moose (Alces alces), Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and even sometimes small size Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos). Reintroduction of the Siberian tiger to the delta has been proposed. [8] Another difference is the climatic, with temperatures higher in Iran than in Siberia. In critical conditions of food shortage the tiger would have likely hold his ground and in this case of a fight with a fully grown adult Himalayan black bear male of similar size/weight anything could have happened in principle. Siberian or Amur tigers do prey on adult brown bears and young bears but the percentages are low: 1.4% of the Siberian tiger's annual diet is of Ussuri brown bears while 0.7% of their diet is made up of the smaller Asian black bear. A tiger is a killer but not a fighter like a bear. Therefore, it was proposed to recognize only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely Panthera tigris tigris in mainland Asia, and P. t. sondaica in the Greater Sunda Islands and possibly in Sundaland. Brown bear selection of den site and den type may reduce risk of predation by tigers because tigers infrequently used such high elevations (J.Goodrich, Wildlife Conservation Society, unpublisheddata) and brown bears could likely defend the narrow tunnel at the entrance of an excavated den. He was even told that tigers kill bears solely on principle, and will pick fights with bears and tear them apart: "Tigers attack and eat both black and brown bears on a fairly regular basis; this is striking because, ordinarily, no animal in its right mind would take on a bear. A report from 1973 describes twelve known cases of brown bears killing tigers, including adult males; in all cases the tigers were subsequently eaten by the bears. [10] In March 2014, a dead lynx discovered in Bastak Nature Reserve bore evidence of predation by a Siberian tiger. On this last matter I have mentioned above the kill dispute reported by Corbett (1954) between an Himalayan black bear and a resident (adult) Bengal tiger male. However it is known that based on existing observations and data from scientific literature Amur tiger predation on bears has been assessed on adult Asiatic black bears of any age class and both sexes and on brown bears within the juvenile, sub-adult (possibly of both sexes) and adult female classes. ^I found this (impressive tigress "Misha" was known as bear's hunter),over 80% of "misha's" kill found by 'project biologist', have been "bears"! Here's a video of John Vaillant talking about the tigers dominance over the brown bear: Go to the11:29 mark, and he's asked about tigers vs big Russian bears/Grizzly bears, and he states the following: "The tiger has a inborn sense of total dominance over its domain. The adult Asiatic black bear males of largest body size class can hold their own against adult Amur tiger males being pretty much on a pair with respect of them and they are much likely left completely unmolested as the cards on the table can turn. The 'once in a lifetime moment' a 660-pound tiger launched a ferocious attack on the world's deadliest man-killing bear has been caught on camera. [55][56], The relationship between the Amur tiger and the Himalayan bear is not specifically studied. The major obstacle in preserving the tiger is the enormous territory individual tigers require; up to 450km2 (170sqmi) is needed by a single female and more for a single male. He says that a brown bear "may" win, not "likely" win or "will" win, but may win, which means it will have a better chance then usual, but doesn't mean it will win. Autotrophic Organism. On the other hand, tigers are fierce predators, and they often feed on large animals like bears, crocodiles, or leopards. A tiger killed on the Sumbar River in Kopet Dag in January 1954 had a greatest skull length of 385mm (15.2in), which is considerably more than the known maximum for this population and slightly exceeds that of most Siberian tigers. If such an occurrence of a big adult Himalayan black bear male ferociously winning a dispute against a big adult Bengal tiger male occurred once, it can definitely occur in other circumstances either in North India and elsewhere. THE TIGER DOMINATED. [47], Following a decrease of ungulate populations from 1944 to 1959, more than 32 cases of Amur tigers attacking both Ussuri brown (Ursus arctos lasiotus) and Ussuri black bears (U. thibetanus ussuricus) were recorded in the Russian Far East, and hair of bears were found in several tiger scat samples. [3] An initial census held in 2015 indicated that the Siberian tiger population had increased to 480540 individuals in the Russian Far East, including 100 cubs. It is not a surprise to me that hunters and sportsmen of the past have prevalently described the largest and oldest animals as very elusive, cautious and sometimes even coward. That means they use a surprise attack to catch their prey. 3 ^ ^ .^^^-^*^. Individual variation is also found in form, length, and partly in colour, of the dark stripes, which have been described as being dark brown rather than black. In 2015, morphological, ecological and molecular traits of all putative tiger subspecies were analysed in a combined approach. The data used include weights of tigers that were older than 35 months and measured in the presence of authors. Most putative subspecies described in the 19th and 20th centuries were distinguished on the basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size characteristics that vary widely within populations. Of 44 recorded brown bear-Siberian tiger encounters, 20 resulted in fights. Dimensions: length - 1.9 m, tail length - 90 cm, height - 90 -115 cm, weight - 160-225 kg (max 306 kg) A comparison of data on body weights of wild Siberian tigers indicates that up to the first half of the 20th century both males and females were on average heavier than post-1970 ones. Overall, their results indicate the need to secure ecological connectivity between the two Russian populations to minimize loss of genetic diversity and overall susceptibility to stochastic events, and support a previous study suggesting that the captive population may be a reservoir of gene variants lost in situ. Carelessly a bear slowly goes by an ambush, suspecting nothing, and the tiger rushes out on it from above, its one paw claws under the bear's chin, the other paw at the throat, and the tiger bites through the neck vertebrae. Therefore if a consideration of risk assessment is based on the killing of quite prevalently juvenile bears 2 to 5 years old possibly mostly Asiatic black bear females (and therefore bears weighing even well below 100 kg) I would say this poses no relevant risk of serious injuries for adult Amur tiger males or large adult females. The adult male brown bear class appears instead virtually invulnerable from Amur tiger predation, as pretty much straightforward when considering size, mass, power and strength of healthy enough individuals and their very tough and aggressive disposition. ", "Russia to donate three rare Siberian tigers to South Korea. 10 animals that can kill a grizzly bear. The proposed region is therefore unsuitable for the reintroduction, at least at this stage of development. A female skull is always smaller and never as heavily built and robust as that of a male. [58], This competitive exclusion of wolves by tigers has been used by Russian conservationists to convince hunters in the Far East to tolerate the big cats, as they limit ungulate populations less than wolves, and are effective in controlling wolf numbers. To live in Amur tiger territory on the ground and fill its ecological niche he needs a large enough body size and very high combative disposition and be overall the dominant Carnivora species of the region. Although they prey on both Siberian roe deer and sika deer, overlap of these ungulates with tigers was low. He was following the tigers tracks in the spring snow, and while approaching the edge of a steep embankment, he noticed the tracks started being closer together. [2], In August 2012, a Siberian tiger with four cubs was recorded for the first time in northeastern China's Hunchun National Nature Reserve located in the vicinity of the international borders with Russia and North Korea. The bears movements had been localized for 14 days,suggesting it had denned, but we were unable to locate a den site because light snow had covered most of the tiger and bear tracks. Both grizzly bear and Siberian tiger paw swipes are equally powerful but tiger is more . One of the most important outcomes has been the discovery of low genetic variability in the wild population, especially when it comes to maternal or mitochondrial DNA lineages. In the Sikhote-Alin reserve, 35% of tiger kills were stolen by bears, with tigers either departing entirely or leaving part of the kill for the bear. Large brown bears may actually benefit from the tiger's presence by appropriating tiger kills that the bears may not be able to successfully hunt themselves and follow. Cubs are divided equally between sexes at birth. [73], In August 2010, China and Russia agreed to enhance conservation and cooperation in protected areas in a transboundary area for Amur tigers. The Siberian tiger is used in heraldic symbols throughout the area where it is indigenous. Some tigers specialize in eating bears and they will kill both Asiatic black bears and LARGER Brown bears. One report from Bigfoot Encounters describes the experience of a J.G. Three thousand specimens are reportedly held by 1020 "significant" facilities, with the remainder scattered among some 200 facilities. Having realized in just few minutes that the bear was a no likely loser and a prolonged fight could have even resulted in his death the wise big adult Temple tiger male gave up to defend his kill. So why would a tiger pick a fight with such a dangerous opponent? [23], In 2013, the whole genome of the Siberian tiger was sequenced and published. Tigers are the largest extant cat species known for their orange furs, white undersides, and dark vertical stripes. [10], When Amur tigers prey on brown bears, they usually target young and sub-adult bears, besides small female adults. Most tigers, on the other hand, are found in isolated regions in southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia. Honestly I am not much surprised. [33], The fur of the Siberian tiger is moderately thick, coarse and sparse compared to that of other felids living in the former Soviet Union. One of the very biggest tiger possibly ever reliably weighed (although not reliably measured), the 590 lb (267.5 kg) tiger Col. Kesri Singh killed in Ker Kho, Gwalior, North India, assisting Lord Reading (who was credited of the first shot), was described as quite cautious. But first, lets discuss some basic details about these two animals to get a general idea of how large and heavy they are. Since the tigers preyed on local wolves, their population registered a significant drop. [9][10], The Siberian tiger was also called "Amur tiger", "Manchurian tiger", "Korean tiger",[2] and "Ussurian tiger", depending on the region where individuals were observed.[9][11]. An Archive of Our Own, a project of the Organization for Transformative Works Estimated Population Size Approximately 3,500 Biggest Threat Inbreeding within the species Most Distinctive Feature Kodiak bears are the largest of the brown bears Other Name(s) Kodiak brown bear, Alaskan brown bear Gestation Period 180-270 days Temperament Mild Age . [46], Between January 1992 and November 1994, 11 tigers were captured, fitted with radio-collars and monitored for more than 15 months in the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range. Baikov, a lifetime member of the Society of Study of the Manchurian territory, the author of the book "In mountains and woods of Manchuria", St.-Petersburg,1915. Their life span in the wild is between 15-20 years, and up to 26 years in captivity. Brown bear wins 9/10. (2010) The Tiger: A True Story of Vengeance and Survival. A Siberian tiger can weigh up to 660 lbs. Yet it happens. (Because she is one of the famous tigress after "machli". In addition, the Siberian tiger is not genetically identical to the Caspian tiger. A radio-collared adult male tiger killed and ate a radiocollared adult male Asiatic black bear on 5 December 1998. By 2007, population density of tigers was estimated at 0.80.4 tigers in 100km2 (39sqmi) in the southern part of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik, and 0.60.3 tigers in 100km2 (39sqmi) in the central part of the protected area. Young bears leave their mothers basically no later then in their 3rd Spring of life when 2 years old. Warsaw, you said Vaillants testimony doesn't prove anything and his book is just a "commercial" one, which is a joke! Even bigger specimen are claimed to have possibly lived in Kashmir. This month, a bear killed three construction workers on Sakhalin island and left two in critical condition in an attack that was partially filmed on one of the men's mobile phones. [54] Some studies show that bears frequently track down tigers to usurp their kills, with occasional fatal outcomes for the tiger. The summer fur on the back is 1517mm (0.590.67in) long, 3050mm (1.22.0in) along the top of the neck, 2535mm (0.981.38in) on the abdomen, and 1416mm (0.550.63in) on the tail. I would therefore add that in my opinion these large / very large Asiatic black bears weighing some 200 kg can definitely hold their own with respect of adult male Amur tigers of similar weight and can even prevail depending from circumstances. No doubt it is one of the most interesting indirect interaction among large Carnivora I have met during my field studies and investigations not only in Asia, but elsewhere in other continents (Europe, Africa and America). [10][49] Despite the threat of predation, some brown bears actually benefit from the presence of tigers by appropriating tiger kills that the bears may not be able to successfully hunt themselves. There is not a single modern day record of a brown bear even killing an adult tigress! Although extremely strong, tigers have limited endurance and chases in deep snow were generally short. Some scientists believe this may happen due to competition and revenge. [78] Nevertheless, the project has its defenders, and Iran has successfully reintroduced the Persian onager and Caspian red deer. A male captured by members of the Siberian Tiger Project weighed 206kg (454lb), and the largest radio-collared male weighed 212kg (467lb). 111 16. A tigers' feet are padded, which helps them silently sneak up on the prey they hunt. The tiger had gone before they arrived: Vaillant actually went to the Russian Far-East and interviewed many top authorities regarding tigers and bears, from; Renowned biologists (Dale Miquelle, J.Goodrich included) aswell as other Russian biologists, hunters, natives, naturalists, locals, forest rangers etcand they all told him that the tiger completely dominates the brown bear and regularly attacks, kills and eats them. In 27%, brown bears killed the tigers, and in 23%, there were no winners, and both survived. A tigress easily destroyed an entire brown bear family (Adult female and cubs), WITHOUT AMBUSH: Here's what we do know for a fact about Amur tiger and Brown bear relations: 1) Tigers regularly hunt and kill brown bears and black bears, including adult bears. 1:37. Russian brown bears are the equivalent of our Grizzly. Hunting adult gaur rather frequently does not sound like a good medical prescription to live to old age. [89] About an hour after that encounter, the tiger attacked and killed a 26-year-old woman on the same road. The only people who try and dispute this are bearfanz! The winter fur on the back is 4050mm (1.62.0in), 70110mm (2.84.3in) on the top of the neck, 7095mm (2.83.7in) on the throat, 60100mm (2.43.9in) on the chest and 65105mm (2.64.1in) on the abdomen. Males on average weigh between 500 and 660 lbs. Another Amur tiger food-chain diagram: (Amur tigers kill and eat everything, including bears) NO ANIMAL IS SAFE FROM THE TIGER. EverythingVaillant stated in his book, was based off first-hand authentic accounts and testimonies from all the TOP AUTHORITIES on this subject. The delta is situated between the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert and the Taukum Desert and forms a large wetland of about 8,000km2 (3,100sqmi). [44] Poaching of tigers and their wild prey species is considered to be driving the decline, although heavy snows in the winter of 2009 could have biased the data. [60], Siberian tigers mate at any time of the year. During the late Pleistocene and Holocene, it was likely connected to the South China tiger population through corridors in the Yellow River basin, before humans interrupted gene flow. The learner always begins by finding fault, but the scholar sees the positive merit in everything. M20 also suffered other injuries fighting with another adult female brown bear possibly somewhat larger then average. [citation needed], "Amur tiger" redirects here. During telemetry research in the Sikhote-Alin protected area , 44 direct confrontations between the two predators were observed, in which bears were killed in 22 cases, and tigers in 12 cases. The longest female measured 270cm (110in) in total length including tail of 88cm (35in) and with a chest girth of 108cm (43in). Siberian musk deer and Amur moose are associated with the conifer forests and are near the southern limits of their distribution in the central Sikhote-Alin mountains. ", http://ursusjournal.com/volumes/ursus14-2/Ursus%2014%202%20Seryodkin%20et%20al..pdf. Animals. The tiger, if it ambushes the bear, especially from above, and gets hold of the back of the neck would usually prevail, but face to face, the tiger will often back down from an actual death battle. [61] .mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox{text-align:center;width:200px;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox th.section-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.section-content{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.list-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.taxon-section{text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.image-section{text-align:center;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy{margin:0 auto;text-align:left;background:transparent;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy td{padding:1px}, The Siberian tiger or Amur tiger is a population of the tiger subspecies Panthera tigris tigris native to the Russian Far East, Northeast China[1] and possibly North Korea. In 1867 on the Tsymukha River, tigers killed 21 men and injured 6 others. If you were to put a Grizzly bear against the tiger, the tiger would would probably win. Siberian Tiger vs. Bengal Tiger: Whats the Difference? quarrelsome when feeding" animals .Rigth? " Within Europe Carpathian brown bears are historically retained particularly dangerous animals and they actually are. An adult grizzly, like its subspecies, is far more massive and stronger than the Siberian tiger. [10], In the 1980s, the typical weight range of wild Siberian tigers was indicated as 180 to 306kg (397 to 675lb) for males and 100 to 167kg (220 to 368lb) for females. A drawn Siberian tiger was the mascot of the 1981 Bandy World Championship, which was played in Khabarovsk in southeast Siberia. [104] The Manchu considered the Siberian tiger as Hu Lin, the king. And now there is observational proof from a Russian biologist, that the bear ALMOST ALWAYS surrenders its meal to the tiger. Of these encounters, http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/meetings/iba_2011.pdf. Lets find out! The average tail measures 99cm (39in) in males and 91cm (36in) in females. In 45 cases of head-on collisions between tigers and brown bears. A Kodiak is bigger than Ussuri brown bear. The skulls of male Caspian tigers from Turkestan had a maximum length of 297.0 to 365.8mm (11.69 to 14.40in), while that of females measured 195.7 to 255.5mm (7.70 to 10.06in). [37], In 2005, the number of Amur tigers in China was estimated at 1822, and 331393 in the Russian Far East, comprising a breeding adult population of about 250, fewer than 100 likely to be sub-adults, more than 20 likely to be less than 3 years of age. Sometimes the bear notices the danger in time, and not feeling able to struggle with this enemy, it escapes into the nearest tree, where the tiger cannot follow, being unable to climb the trees. No doubt the Amur-Ussuri brown bear has these features in very large amount. The winner in a tiger vs. bear contest, the bear will win. Another brown bear, once abruptly turned away from his former path upon his encounter with tiger tracks. 8) There's not a single record of a huge male brown bear ever challenging a prime male tiger for its kill, period. The number of tiger bed sites indicated that the tiger had been in the area for at least a day. Siberian tigers live along the Primorsky Krai, meaning in Far East Russia, and extend into southern Khabarovsk Krai. [10] they climb 10 meters (over 30 feets) in a. Tigers rarely move across the development corridor, which separates this sub-population from the much smaller sub-population in southwest Primorye province. Soon, the tiger was seen ambling slowly ahead of them. In some cases they succeed. Because theyre large and strong, brown bears can withstand confrontations with almost any predators. A tiger at the Rehabilitation and Reintroduction Center for Amur (Siberian) Tigers in the village of Alekseevka, Three orphaned Siberian tigers rescued after their mothers were killed by poachers are released back to the wild in Russia, Nowell, K., Bauer, H., Breitenmoser, U. It is said that tigers mainly feed on the fat deposits of the bear on the back groin and hams. Here's an email from one of the top renowned Amur tiger biologists; Linda Kerley's experience on tigers and bears "I have been studying tiger food habits for the past 14 years and have found several bears killed and eaten by tigers. The smell of blood was attracting him, but, http://archive.org/stream/maneatersofkumao029903mbp/maneatersofkumao029903mbp_djvu.txt, The largest pits are dug by bears when they dig out the burrows of badgers hoping to catch these animals. Population genetic and Bayesian structure analyses clearly identified two populations separated by a development corridor in Russia. A single injury can cause serious problem and with time procure death. This size distinguishes fully grown male bears from young male bears and adult female bears. (Summer and Autumn) When bears are at their full-strength. Ussuri brown bears have killed tigers in the past as well. [42], Siberian tigers are known to travel up to 1,000km (620mi) over ecologically unbroken country. Over the embankment, a large, partially eaten brown bear was lying. This incident marks one of the first documented cases of a tiger preying on a lynx, and indicates that the tiger might have been more intent on eliminating a competitor than on catching prey. On the other hand, tigers are fierce predators, and they often feed on large animals like bears, crocodiles, or leopards. Animal Fight Club Season 1 Episode 2 Siberian Tiger Vs Russian Brown Bear. Over the next few years, this tiger killed some other bears, although the kills werent as successful as the first one because the bears fought hard for their lives. Recently, people have been killing bears because of an increased demand for bear feet and gall bladders, and I worry that this will effect tigers as well because bears are an important food source for tigers in summer."..